OT, or operational technology, is the practice of using hardware and software to control industrial equipment, and it primarily interacts with the physical world.
Operational technology is everywhere- one can find it in industrial operations in the smart factory, transportation, oil & gas, mining, in the utility industry including electricity and water supply chains, and in facilities such as office buildings and healthcare facilities.
Maintaining control of all physical assets to ensure their safe operation at all times is the primary objective of OT cybersecurity and overrides all other concerns.
The merging of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) systems are known as IT/OT convergence. OT systems monitor events, processes, and devices, and make modifications in enterprise and industrial operations, while IT systems are utilized for data-centric computing. The worlds of IT and OT are merging nowadays. The internet of things (IoT) and big data analytics are allowing the digital information world to see, understand, and impact the physical operational world in a systematic way. IT/OT convergence, when done correctly, may combine business operations, insights, and controls into a single consistent environment.
Examples of operational technology include plant floor control systems, hospital diagnostic and monitoring systems, transportation control systems, automated teller machines (ATMs), civil infrastructure (e.g., tollway automation and water management), and more
IT systems are used for data-centric computing; OT systems monitor events, processes, and devices, and make adjustments in enterprise and industrial operations.
There are three primary classifications of security controls. These contain management security, operational security, and physical security controls.
Some common challenges with OT security are-
Operations security (OPSEC) is a crucial element in creating defense systems to secure sensitive data and maintain necessary confidentiality. The organization's OPSEC officer needs to be aware of the variety of dangers that face his work in order to establish an efficient operations security program.
The main components are-
An industrial control system called a PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) continuously evaluates the status of input devices and decides how to regulate the state of output devices based on a unique program. A PLC monitors inputs and makes decisions based on its program and controls outputs to automate a process or machine.
A manufacturing plant control system with autonomous controllers dispersed across it is known as a distributed control system, or DCS for short. There are now more effective ways to raise control stability, process quality, and plant productivity thanks to the dispersion of control system design throughout the facility.
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems.
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